Asia

Bangladesh
People: 98% Bengali, 250,000 Bihari, tribals less than 1 million
Language: Bangla, English

Bhutan
People: 50% Bhote, 35% ethnic Nepali, 15% indigenous or migrant tribes
Language: Dzongkha

Brunei
People: 69% Malays, 18% Chinese, 7% indigenous tribes (plus 20,000 expatriate workers)
Language: Malay, English, Chinese

Cambodia
People: 94% ethnic Khmers, 4% Chinese, 1% Vietnamese
Language: Khmer, English and French

China
People: Han Chinese (93%), plus Mongol, Zhuang, Manchu and Uighur minorities
Languages: Putonghua (Beijing Mandarin dialect), Cantonese

East Timor
People: Malay and Papuan, including 33% Tetum, 12% Mambai, 8% Kemak, 10% Makasai, 8% Galoli, 8% Tokodede.
Language: Portuguese, Tetum and Bahasa Indonesian

India
People: 72% Indo-Aryan, 25% Dravidian, 3% other
Language: Hindi

Indonesia
People: There are 365 ethnic and tribal groups. The principal ones are Acehnese, Bataks, Minangkabaus (Sumatra); Javanese, Sundanese (Java); Balinese (Bali); Sasaks (Lombok); and Dani (Irian Jaya)
Language: Bahasa Indonesia (plus 583 dialects), English

Japan
People: Japanese (including indigenous Ainu & Okinawans), Korean
Language: Japanese

Kazakhstan
People: 46% Kazakh, 34.7% Russian, 4.9% Ukrainian, 3.1% German, 2.3% Uzbek, 1.9% Tatar
Languages: Kazakh, Russian

Kyrgyzstan
People: 52% Kyrgyz, 21% Russian, 13% Uzbek
Languages: Kyrgyz, Russian

Laos
People: 50% Lao Loum (lowland Lao), 30% Lao Theung (lower-mountain dwellers of mostly proto-Malay or Mon-Khmer descent), 10-20% Lao Sung (Hmong or Mien high-altitude hill tribes) and 10-20% tribal Thais
Language: Lao and Lao dialects (closely related to Thai), French

Malaysia
People: 50% Malay, 33% Chinese, 9% Indian, plus indigenous tribes such as Orang Asli and Iban
Language: Bahasa Malaysia, English, Chinese dialects, Tamil, indigenous dialects

Maldives
People: Sinhalese, Dravidian, Arab, African
Language: Maldivian Divehi

Mongolia
People: Khalkh Mongols (86%), Kazaks (2%), Chinese (2%), Russian (2%), about a dozen other ethnic groups
Languages: Mongolian, Turkic, Russian, Chinese

Nepal
People: Newars, Indians, Tibetans, Gurungs, Magars, Tamangs, Bhotias, Rais, Limbus, Sherpas
Language: Nepali (also called Gurkhali)

North Korea
People: Korean
Language: Korean

Pakistan
People: Punjabi, Sindhi, Pashtu, Baloch, Muhajir
Language: Urdu (official), Punjabi, Sindhi, Pashtu, English

Philippines
People: Predominantly descendants of Malays, Chinese and Muslim minorities and a number of mestizos (Filipino-Spanish or Filipino-Americans)
Language: Pilipino (Tagalog) and English plus numerous widely spoken indigenous languages, some Spanish

Singapore
People: 76% Chinese, 15% Malay, 6% Indian
Language: English, Malay, Mandarin and Tamil

South Korea
People: Koreans, expats (mostly American)
Language: Korean

Sri Lanka
People: 74% Sinhalese, 18% Tamils, 7% Moor, 1% other
Language: Sinhala, Tamil, English

Taiwan
People: Taiwanese (84%), Aboriginal (2%), Chinese(14%)
Language: Taiwanese, Mandarin Chinese

Tajikistan
People: 64.9% Tajik, 25% Uzbek, 3.5% Russian (declining because of emigration)
Languages: Tajik, Russian

Thailand
People: 75% Thai, 11% Chinese, 3.5% Malay, also Mon, Khmer, Phuan and Karen minorities
Language: Thai

Turkmenistan
People: 77% Turkmen, 9.2% Uzbek, 6.7% Russian, 2% Kazakh
Languages: Turkmen, Russian

Uzbekistan
People: 80% Uzbek, 5.5% Russian, 5% Tajik, 3% Kazakh, 2.5% Karakalpak, 1.5% Tatar
Language: Uzbek, Russian

Vietnam
People: 84% ethnic Vietnamese, 2% ethnic Chinese, also Khmers, Chams (a remnant of the once-great Indianised Champa Kingdom) and members of over 50 ethnolinguistic groups (also known as Montagnards, 'highlanders' in French)
Language: Vietnamese, Russian, French, Chinese, English and a variety of Khmer and Laotian dialects